1. Carbohydrates a inthlak lai hian .Double screw ei tur extrusion machine .
Carbohydrate hi feed-a thil tel ber a ni a, a tlangpuiin feed-ah 60 atanga 70% vel a ni a, chuvangin extruded feed characteristics nghawngtu ber a ni. Carbohydrates hi an molecular weight, structure leh physical leh chemical property a zirin starch, fiber, hydrocolloid leh sugar ah te pawh thliar hran theih a ni. Extrusion process-a an inthlak danglamna leh an chanvo te chu a inang lo hle (XU XUING, 1995).
1) Double screw food extrusion atanga starch hian starch molecule-a 1-4 glycosidic bonds cleavage a tichak thei a, chu chuan molecular weight hniam tak products glucose, maltotriose leh maltodextrin te a siam thei a, chu chuan extruded product-a starch awm zat a tihhniam phah a ni. Mahse, extrusion hian starch a nghawng ber chu intermolecular hydrogen bond cleavage leh gelatinization tihhmasawn a ni. Starch gelatinization tha tak hian extrusion treatment hian feed nutrition a ti tha mai bakah feed granulation a ti awlsam bawk a, chu chuan feed processing quality a ti tha hle.
2) Fiber fibers ah hian cellulose, hemicellulose, leh lignin te an tel a, chu chu a tlangpuiin feed-a filler angin an thawk thin. Extrusion leh extrusion atana hman tur fiber raw materials atana material leh process condition hrang hrang avang hian extrusion lai fiber awm zat inthlak danglamna chungchanga literature te chu nasa takin an sawi a. Fornal et al.-te’n buckwheat leh barley, Wang leh Collaborators-te’n wheat leh wheat Bran chungchanga an zirchianna an zirchiannaah chuan extrusion hnua fiber awm zat a tlahniam tih an hmuchhuak a, Bjorck (1984) leh Ostergard (1989) te chuan whole wheat flour leh whole wheat-ah an innghat thung. Wheat flour extrusion study result chu a chunga kan sawi tawh ang chiah kha a ni a; Silijestron (1986) leh Schweizer (1986) te chungchang erawh chu, extrusion lai hian whole wheat flour-a fiber awm zawng zawng hi a danglam lo niin an ngai. Mahse, extrusion process chhunga fiber quality inthlak danglamna chungchanga zirchianna result chu a inmil a, hei hian extrusion hnuah soluble dietary fiber awm zat chu a tam zawk tih a tilang a, a tlangpuiin a pung chu 3% vel a ni. Wang leh a thawhpui te hi dinhmun hrang hrangah an danglam hle. Squash wheat leh wheat bran extrusion hnua fiber inthlak danglamna zirchianna. He result hi extrusion process-a temperature sang, pressure sang leh shear sang vang a ni a, hei hian valence bond cleavage, molecular cleavage leh molecular polarity inthlak danglamna a thlen a ni. Soluble dietary fiber hian mihring hriselnaah physiological effect bik a neih avangin (Gordon, R. Huber, 1991; Cummings, JH, 1978.), chu chu extrusion hmanga ei leh in fiber siam chhuahna atana hmanraw tha tak a ni tih rinhlelh rual a ni lo va, mahse rannung tan pawh a inang em tih hi a ni. Intestine pumpui nghawng chu a la awm lo.
3) Hydrocolloids colloids hi aquafeeds extrusion siamnaah an hmang ber a. A tlangpuiin hydrocolloids, gum arabic, pectin, agar, carrageenan, leh sodium alginate te an pai thin. Gel siam theihna an neih theihna chu a tlangpuiin extrusion hnuah a tlahniam ang. Extrusion lai hian hydrophilic property hian extrusion condition pangngai a nghawng bawk ang a, extruded product-a water evaporation rate leh freezing rate a tihhniam bakah, product texture property a ti sang bawk ang. Product pakhat tan chuan hydrophilic colloid thlan hunah uluk taka ngaihtuah a ni.
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