1.1 Vitamin temperature, pressure, friction leh moisture hloh hian vitamin a hloh ang. American zirlai te chuan VA, VD, folic acid, ammonium mononium leh ammonium hydrochloride te hloh zat chu 11% leh 17% a ni tih an sawi a, extruded feed-ah VK leh VC hloh zat chu 50% a ni a, hard pellet feed hloh pawh a chanvein a tlahniam thung. Leng Yongzhi leh a thawhpuiten an zirchiannaah chuan, “Ka rilru a buai em em a ni. Fed carp chu extruded diet nen natural food tel lovin a awm. Nga beram rual zinga mi tlemte gill thisen chhuah hi ei tur siamna kawngah heat-sensitive vitamins tihchhiatna nen a inzawm niin an chhut.
1.2 Enzyme siamnaah enzyme hloh theihna tur temperature tha ber chu 35-40 C a ni a, a temperature sang ber chu 50 C aia tam a ni lo a, mahse, extrusion leh granulation process-a temperature chu 120-150 C a thleng a, chu chu humidity sang tak (ei tur a tuiah a awm theihna chhan), pressure sang tak (spatial multidimensional structure of enzyme proteins leh a hnuaia enzymes te, a hnuaia mi ang chi te, a ruala awm te, a hnuaia mi ang hian a awm a ni), a hnuaia mi ang hian a awm a ni. A bo vek tawh. Coman-a report-a a lan dan chuan, chaw-a enkawl loh glucanase damchhuahna rate chu 70 C-a granulation hnu 10% chauh a ni a; 75 C-a second 30 chhung conditioning hnuah treated glucanase survival rate chu 64% a ni a, chutih laiin 90 C-a granulation hnu 19% chauh a ni a, 70 - 90 c.
1.3 Tunah hian chaw pekna atana hman tur microbial agents te chu Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Yeast leh Bacillus te an ni ber. Heng microbial agents te hi a bik takin temperature ah an sensitive hle. Extrusion granulation temperature 85 C aia tam a nih chuan an activity chu a bo vek ang.
1.4 Extrusion laiin protein leh amino acid hloh hian reducing sugar leh free amino acid inkarah mailard reaction a thlen a, chu chuan protein thenkhat hman a ti tlem a ni. Tin, lysaminalanine hi alkaline condition hnuaiah temperature sang takah a awm thei bawk. Overheating, a bik takin pH sang zawkah chuan amino acid thenkhat chu a racemise thei a, D-type amino acids a siam thei a, hei hian proteins digestibility nasa takin a ti tlem thei a ni. Lysine, arginine leh histidine te chu khaw lum vanga hlauhawm ber an ni. Crucian carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus) leh Crucian Carp (Carassius Auratus) te intestinal tract-a enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics chu puffing hma leh hnuah Wang Lin et al. A result-ah chuan puffing hian feed material pasarih enzymatic hydrolysis rate-ah nghawng a nei tih a lang a, puffing hnua soybean meal, fish meal leh sa leh ruh ei tlem te enzymatic hydrolysis rate a tlahniam tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk a PU hnuah rapeseed meal, secondary meal leh corn-a enzymatic hydrolysis rate a pung a, extrusion hma leh extrusion hnua cottonseed meal enzymatic hydrolysis rate chu a danglam vak lo. Zhou Xinghua leh a thawhpuiten an zirchiannaah chuan, zirchianna hmanrua ang chi hmangin puffed leh non-puffed feed materials crude protein in vitro digestibility a zirchiang a. Puffed fish hian feed materials protein tamna leh starch tamnaah hmun tha tak a chang tih hmuhchhuah a ni a, mahse protein awm zat (feather powder tih loh chu) ah nghawng tha lo tak a nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Chuvangin, fish formula feed-ah hian soybean ei tur, sangha ei leh sa leh ruh ei hi tihzauh loh tur a ni. Tuyingchuan system hian processed feed-ah liquid emaw colloidal additive chi li thleng a spray thei a, a rualin a spray thei bawk. Spraying dose hi 0.1-5 kg/t feed a ni.
Mahse, a hnuhnung zawk additives concentration chu particle chunglamah chuan pawn lam thil, packaging, transportation, temperature, light, oxygen leh humidity te lakah a hlauhawm hle a, chu chuan thil pangngai aiin heng components te hi storage process-ah a hloh rang zawk a ni. Chuvangin, a hnu lama liquid hman tawh dah belh a pawimawh hle. Liquid thlan hian added components te chu feed chhung leh pawnah a inthlau thei a, a darh zel thei tih a ngaihtuah mai bakah, feed particle nena inzawmna siam theihna leh environment factors te nghawng a ngaihtuah bawk. Chu bakah, heng thilte thermal stability tihchangtlun nan hian embedding, derivatization leh carrier adsorption hmanga heat-sensitive substance pretreatment hman a ni bawk. Damdawi siam danglam hnua dah belh a nih chuan damdawi cross-contamination a tlem thei a, thil siam quality pawh a tha thei bawk. Britain-a Tmuw Co., Ltd. chuan pellet feed-ah syrup hmangin powder a wraps a, hei hian pellets a tihtlem mai bakah. Dust pollution of feed hian syrup hian damdawi thlum a mask avangin feed palatability a ti tha hle bawk.